Amateka ya firime ya Cushion

Abavumbuzi babiri bahinduye igeragezwa ryatsinzwe mubicuruzwa bizwi cyane byahinduye inganda zoherezwa.
Mugihe umusore Howard Fielding yitonze yafashe mu ntoki se ibintu bidasanzwe byavumbuwe, ntabwo yari azi ko intambwe ikurikiraho izamugira icyerekezo. Mu ntoki yari afite urupapuro rwa pulasitike rwuzuyemo ibibyimba byuzuye umwuka. Yiruka intoki hejuru ya firime isekeje, ntashobora kunanira ibishuko: yatangiye kubyimba - nkuko isi yose yabikoze kuva icyo gihe.
Fielding rero, wari ufite imyaka 5 icyo gihe, abaye umuntu wa mbere wapanze pop bubble yishimisha gusa. Ibi byavumbuwe byahinduye inganda zitwara abantu, bitangiza igihe cya e-ubucuruzi, kandi birinda miliyari y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa ku isi buri mwaka.
Fielding yagize ati: "Ndibuka ko narebye ibi bintu kandi umutima wanjye wari uwo kubikanda." Ati: "Navuze ko ari njye wa mbere wafunguye ibipfunyika, ariko nzi neza ko ibyo atari ukuri. Abantu bakuru bari kumwe na data birashoboka ko babikoze kugira ngo babone ireme. Ariko birashoboka ko nari umwana wa mbere."
Yongeyeho aseka ati: "Byari bishimishije cyane kubasohora. Icyo gihe ibibyimba byari binini, ku buryo byumvikanye urusaku rwinshi."
Se wa Fielding, Alfred, yahimbye igipfunyika cya bubble hamwe na mugenzi we w’ubucuruzi, umuhanga mu by'imiti mu Busuwisi Marc Chavannes. Mu 1957, bagerageje gukora igicapo cyerekana amashusho yakwegera “Beat Generation.” Bakoresheje ibice bibiri byumwenda wa pulasitike babinyujije mumashanyarazi kandi babanje gutenguha ibisubizo: firime irimo ibibyimba imbere.
Ariko, abahimbyi ntibahakanye byimazeyo gutsindwa kwabo. Bakiriye bwa mbere mubintu byinshi byerekeranye nibikorwa nibikoresho byo gushushanya no kumurika ibikoresho, hanyuma batangira gutekereza kubyo bakoresha: abarenga 400 mubyukuri. Imwe muri zo - kubika pariki - yakuwe ku kibaho cyo gushushanya, ariko birangira bigenda neza nkibishushanyo mbonera. Ibicuruzwa byageragejwe muri pariki ugasanga ntacyo bikora.
Kugira ngo bakomeze guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byabo bidasanzwe, ikirango cya Bubble Wrap, Fielding na Chavannes bashinze Sealed Air Corp. mu 1960. Umwaka ukurikira ni bwo bahisemo kuyikoresha nk'ibikoresho byo gupakira kandi baratsinze. IBM yari iherutse kwerekana 1401 (ifatwa nka Model T mu nganda za mudasobwa) kandi yari ikeneye uburyo bwo kurinda ibikoresho byoroshye mugihe cyo kohereza. Nkuko babivuze, ibisigaye ni amateka.
Chad Stevens, visi perezida w’udushya n’ubuhanga mu itsinda ry’ibicuruzwa bya Sealed Air yagize ati: "Iki ni igisubizo cya IBM ku kibazo." Ati: "Bashobora kohereza mudasobwa mu mutekano kandi neza. Ibi byafunguye imiryango myinshi mu bucuruzi bwo gutangira gukoresha ibipfunyika."
Amasosiyete mato apakira yahise akoresha ikoranabuhanga rishya. Kuri bo, gupfunyika bubble ni imana. Mubihe byashize, inzira nziza yo kurinda ibintu mugihe cyo gutambuka kwari ukuyizinga mubinyamakuru byacitse. Ni akajagari kuko wino yo mu binyamakuru bishaje akenshi ikuramo ibicuruzwa n'abantu bakorana nayo. Byongeye, ntabwo rwose itanga ubwo burinzi.
Mugihe impfunyapfunyo yagendaga ikundwa cyane, Ikirere gifunze cyatangiye gutera imbere. Ibicuruzwa byari bitandukanye muburyo, ubunini, imbaraga nubunini kugirango wagure urwego rwa porogaramu: nini nini nini nini, amabati manini kandi magufi, ibinini binini kandi bigufi. Hagati aho, abantu benshi cyane barimo kuvumbura umunezero wo gufungura iyo mifuka yuzuye umwuka (ndetse na Stevens yemera ko ari "umutwaro uhangayitse").
Ariko, isosiyete ntirabona inyungu. TJ Dermot Dunphy yabaye umuyobozi mukuru mu 1971. Yafashaga kuzamura ibicuruzwa by’isosiyete buri mwaka biva kuri miliyoni 5 z'amadolari mu mwaka wa mbere bikagera kuri miliyari 3 mu gihe yavaga muri sosiyete mu 2000.
Dunphy w'imyaka 86 ukomeje gukora buri munsi mu kigo cye cy’ishoramari n’imicungire, Kildare Enterprises yagize ati: "Marc Chavannes yari icyerekezo kandi Al Fielding yari injeniyeri wo ku rwego rwa mbere." Ati: "Ariko nta n'umwe muri bo wifuzaga kuyobora isosiyete. Bashakaga gusa gukora ku byo bahimbye."
Rwiyemezamirimo mu mahugurwa, Dunphy yafashije Sealed Air guhagarika ibikorwa byayo no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byayo. Ndetse yaguye ikirango mu nganda zo koga. Igipfunyika cya pisine ya pisine cyamenyekanye cyane mumyaka yashize. Umupfundikizo ufite umufuka munini wumwuka ufasha gufata imirasire yizuba no kugumana ubushyuhe, bityo amazi ya pisine aguma ashyushye atarinze guhumeka. Isosiyete yaje kugurisha umurongo.
Umugore wa Howard Fielding, Barbara Hampton, impuguke mu makuru y’ipatanti, yahise yerekana uburyo patenti yemerera sebukwe na mugenzi we gukora ibyo bakora. Muri rusange, bakiriye patenti esheshatu zipfunyitse, ibyinshi muri byo bijyanye n'inzira yo gushushanya no kumurika plastike, ndetse n'ibikoresho nkenerwa. Mubyukuri, Marc Chavannes yari yarabonye patenti ebyiri za firime ya termoplastique, ariko birashoboka ko icyo gihe atari afite ibibyimba byinshi. Hampton yagize ati: "Patenti zitanga amahirwe kubantu barema guhembwa ibitekerezo byabo."
Uyu munsi, Sealed Air ni isosiyete ya Fortune 500 yagurishijwe muri 2017 igurishwa na miliyari 4.5 z'amadolari, abakozi 15.000 kandi ikorera abakiriya mu bihugu 122. Isosiyete ikorera mu mujyi wa New Jersey, yimuye icyicaro cyayo ku isi muri Carolina y'Amajyaruguru mu 2016. Isosiyete ikora kandi ikagurisha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, birimo Cryovac, plastike yoroheje ikoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Ikidodo cya Air ndetse gitanga ibipfunyika bidafite umuyaga kubohereza ibicuruzwa bihenze kubakiriya.
Stevens yagize ati: "Ni verisiyo yaka umuriro." Ati: “Aho kugira ngo tuzenguruke imizingo minini, tugurisha imizingo ya firime ifunze cyane hakoreshejwe uburyo bwongera umwuka uko bikenewe. Ni byiza cyane.”
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